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知識類型

期刊

標題

Comprehensive review on production and utilization of biochar

作者

N. L. Panwar, Ashish Pawar & B. L. Salvi

名稱(期刊/節目)

SN Applied Sciences

期刊期數/節目集數

1:168

出版單位

Springer International Publishing

出版年月日

February 2019

原文摘要

The on-farm burning of crop residues and biomass results in numerous environmental issues and affects human beings. Crop residues have considerable energy potential if utilized appropriately. Crop residues can be converted into biochar through thermo-chemical routes; conversion helps in the managing and handling of biomass. Biochar reactors usually operate at temperatures between 400 and 600 °C with fixed carbon contents ranging from 60 to 85%. The application of this biochar to soil improves the physiochemical characteristics of soil because biochar is rich in organic carbon content, which makes the soil more fertile and acts as a carbon sequestration agent over the long term. Biochar itself is considered a source nutrient and can alter the soil nutrient pools and availability. Biochar applied up to 10 cm depth of soil may decrease the denitrification potential and lower N2O emission, greatly controlling leaching of mobile nutrients such as potassium, thus improving water use efficiency, nutrient availability and plant growth. Furthermore, it reduces the leaching of nitrogen into the groundwater and increases the water retention and cation-exchange capacity while moderating the soil’s acidity, resulting in improved soil fertility. This article discusses different biochar production processes and various feedstocks and characteristics of biochar. The factors affecting biochar production and advantages of the utilization of biochar in soil are also reviewed.

原文摘要簡述

在農場上焚燒農作物剩餘資材和有機生物質會導致許多環境問題,並影響到人類。如果適當利用,農作物剩餘資材具有相當大的能源潛力。農作物剩餘資材可以通過加熱的化學途徑轉化為生物炭;轉變為生物炭有助於管理和處理有機生物質。生物炭炭化爐通常在400至600°C的溫度下運行,固定碳含量為60至85%。這種生物炭應用在改善土壤的理化特性,因為生物炭含有豐富的有機碳,這使土壤更肥沃,並可長期將碳固存於土壤中。生物炭本身被認為是一種營養素來源,可以改變土壤養分庫和利用率。生物炭施用在深達10公分的土壤上,可能會降低脫氮作用並減少一氧化二氮排放,進而大幅度地控制鉀等流動性養分的淋失,提高水分利用率、養分利用率和植物生長。此外,生物炭能減少土壤中的氮元素因地下水的淋溶而流失、增加土壤的保水力和陽離子交換能力,並同時調節土壤的酸度,從而改善土壤肥力。本文中探討不同的生物炭生產過程以及各種原料和生物炭的特性。並綜合概述影響生物炭生產的因素以及在土壤中利用生物炭的優勢。

關鍵字

Biomass, Biochar, Slow pyrolysis, Soil health, Greenhouse gas mitigation

連結

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs42452-019-0172-6

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