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期刊

標題

Effects of Biochar Amendments on Soil Microbial Biomass and Activity

作者

H. Zhang, R. P. Voroney, G. W. Price

名稱(期刊/節目)

Journal of Environmental Quality

期刊期數/節目集數

Volume43, Issue6, Pages 2104-2114

出版單位

Wiley

出版年月日

2014/11/1

原文摘要

Environmental benefits reported in the literature of using biochar as a soil amendment are generally increased microbial activity and reduced greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. This study determined the effects of amendment with biomass feedstocks (spent coffee grounds, wood pellets, and horse bedding compost) and that of biochars (700°C) produced from these feedstocks on soil microbial biomass (C and N) and activity. Soils were amended with these substrates at 0.75% by weight and incubated for up to 175 d under laboratory conditions. Biochar residual effects on soil microbial activity were also studied by amending these soils with either ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3, 35 mg N kg−1) or with glucose (864 mg C kg−1) plus NH4NO3. Soil microbial biomass C and N, net N mineralization, and CO2, N2O, and CH4 emissions were measured. Amendment with biomass feedstocks significantly increased soil microbial biomass and activity, whereas amendment with the biochars had no significant effect. Also, biochar amendment had no significant effect on either net N mineralization or N2O and CH4 emissions from soil. These results indicate that production of biochars at this high temperature eliminated potential substrates. Microbial biomass C in biochar‐amended and unamended soils was not significantly different following additions of NH4NO3 or glucose plus NH4NO3, suggesting that microbial access to otherwise labile C and N was not affected. This study shows that biochars produced at 700°C, regardless of feedstock source, do not enhance soil microbial biomass or activity.

原文摘要簡述

利用生物炭作為土壤改良的文獻中顯示的環境效益通常為增加微生物活性和減少溫室氣體(GHG)的排放。這項研究確定了生物質原料(用過的咖啡渣、木質顆粒和馬墊堆肥)的改良以及由這些原料生產的生物炭(700°C)對土壤微生物生物量(碳和氮)和活性的影響。土壤以這些基質重量的0.75%做改良,且在實驗室條件下溫育長達175天。透過硝酸銨(NH4NO3,35 mg N kg-1)或葡萄糖(864 mg C kg-1)加NH4NO3改良這些土壤也被用來研究生物炭對土壤微生物活性的殘留影響。在此測量了土壤微生物生物量的碳和氮、淨氮礦化作用以及CO2,N2O和CH4的排放。用生物質原料進行改良顯著增加土壤微生物的生物量和活性,而用生物炭進行改良則無明顯效果。而且,生物炭的改良對淨氮礦化作用或土壤中N2O和CH4的排放均無顯著影響。這些結果指出,在這種高溫下生產的生物炭消除了潛在的基質。添加NH4NO3或葡萄糖加NH4NO3後,經生物炭改良和未經改良的土壤中的微生物生物量碳無顯著差異,表明了微生物相反地對不穩定的碳和氮的獲取不受到影響。本研究顯示,無論原料來源如何,在700°C下產生的生物炭都不會促進土壤微生物的生物量或活性。

關鍵字

soil amendment; microbial; biomass feedstock; biochar

連結

https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2014.03.0132

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