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標題

Biochar and Earthworm Effects on Soil Nitrous Oxide and Carbon Dioxide Emissions

作者

Cara A. Augustenborg, Simone Hepp, Claudia Kammann, David Hagan, Olaf Schmidt, Christoph Müller

名稱(期刊/節目)

Journal of Environmental Quality

期刊期數/節目集數

Volume 41, Issue 4, Pages 1203-1209

出版單位

Wiley

出版年月日

2012/7/1

原文摘要

Biochar is the product of pyrolysis produced from feedstock of biological origin. Due to its aromatic structure and long residence time, biochar may enable long‐term carbon sequestration. At the same time, biochar has the potential to improve soil fertility and reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from soils. However, the effect of biochar application on GHG fluxes from soil must be investigated before recommendations for field‐scale biochar application can be made. A laboratory experiment was designed to measure carbon dioxide (CO2) and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from two Irish soils with the addition of two different biochars, along with endogeic (soil‐feeding) earthworms and ammonium sulfate, to assist in the overall evaluation of biochar as a GHG‐mitigation tool. A significant reduction in N2O emissions was observed from both low and high organic matter soils when biochars were applied at rates of 4% (w/w). Earthworms significantly increased N2O fluxes in low and high organic matter soils more than 12.6‐fold and 7.8‐fold, respectively. The large increase in soil N2O emissions in the presence of earthworms was significantly reduced by the addition of both biochars. Miscanthus biochar reduced the large earthworm emissions by 91 and 95% in the low organic matter soil and by 56 and 61% in the high organic matter soil (with and without N fertilization), respectively. With peanut hull biochar, the earthworm emissions reduction was 80 and 70% in the low organic matter soil, and only 20 and 10% in the high organic matter soil (with and without N fertilization), respectively. In high organic matter soil, both biochars reduced CO2 efflux in the absence of earthworms. However, soil CO2 efflux increased when peanut hull biochar was applied in the presence of earthworms. This study demonstrated that biochar can potentially reduce earthworm‐enhanced soil N2O and CO2 emissions. Hence, biochar application combined with endogeic earthworm activity did not reveal unknown risks for GHG emissions at the pot scale, but field‐scale experiments are required to confirm this.

原文摘要簡述

生物炭是由生物有機質為料源的熱裂解產物。由於生物炭的芳香結構和具有長時間的半衰期,生物炭可以實現長期的碳吸存。同時,生物炭具有改善土壤肥力和減少土壤溫室氣體(GHG)排放的潛力。然而,在提出田間規模生物炭施用建議之前,必須先探究生物炭施用對土壤溫室氣體通量的影響。一個實驗室實驗被設計用來檢測兩種愛爾蘭土壤添加兩種不同的生物炭,土壤中二氧化碳(CO2)和一氧化二氮(N2O)的排放,原生性土壤飼育的蚯蚓和硫酸銨,用來協助進行總體評估生物炭作為減少溫室氣體的工具。但是,當施用花生殼生物炭時在蚯蚓存在的土壤中,土壤中二氧化碳(CO2)排放量增加。這項研究證明,生物炭能減少蚯蚓在土壤中增加的二氧化碳(CO2)和一氧化二氮(N2O)排放量。因此,生物炭的施用結合原生性蚯蚓活性,在盆栽規模的土壤溫室氣體(GHG)排放具有未知風險,但在田間規模試驗中是被確認的。

關鍵字

earthworm, greenhouse gas (GHG), carbon sequestration, miscanthus biochar, peanut hull biochar

連結

https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2011.0119

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