生物炭料源-供應及應用管理平台

期刊

Long-term biochar application influences soil microbial community and its potential roles in semiarid farmland

Shasha Luo, Shaojie Wang ,Lei Tian, Shiqing Li ,Xiujun Li , Yufang Shen, Chunjie Tian

Applied Soil Ecology

Volumes 117–118, Pages 10-15

ELSEVIER

September 2017

Biochar addition to soil can change soil physicochemical properties, resulting in a shift of the soil microbial community. However, it is uncertain how long-term biochar application affects the soil microbial community and diversity in drylands. To determine the underlying mechanism, a 3.5-year spring maize (Zea mays L.) field experiment with biochar applications was conducted to elucidate the effect of biochar on soil microbial abundance and community composition as well as its potential applications in drylands of the Loess Plateau in Northwest China. Soil samples from a 0–20 cm depth for four biochar treatments, including 0 (C0, as the control), 10 (C10), 30 (C30) and 50 (C50) t ha−1, were examined using phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) analysis. It was found that the proportion of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and the ratio of AMF/saprotrophic fungi (SF) correlated with the biochar levels, for example, the C30 treatment significantly decreased the absolute SF but increased the ratio of AMF/SF. Especially, both the AMF/SF and Fungi/Bacteria ratios were significantly increased in the C50 treatment, suggesting that high amounts of biochar could increase fungal rather than bacterial diversity. In addition, soil organic C (SOC) (P < 0.01), KMnO4-oxidizable C (KMnO4-C) (P < 0.01), and the C management index (CMI) (P < 0.01) were confirmed to play significant roles in shaping the soil microbial community composition. SOC and total N were significantly increased by biochar application, and total P was increased in the C30 treatment. However, compared with the C0 treatment, the C50 treatment significantly decreased KMnO4-C and the CMI, suggesting the proper level of biochar addition to soil should be considered for the improvement of soil organic materials. Accordingly, biochar application at 30 t ha−1, which was connected with a decreased absolute SF and an increased AMF/SF ratio, could be a choice for improving soil quality and nutrient availability in semiarid farmland.

生物炭添加於土壤中，除能改變土壤的理化特性外，亦能造成土壤微生物群落的轉變。但是，尚不確定長期施用生物炭如何影響旱地土壤微生物群落和多樣性。為了確定土壤微生物群落潛在轉變機制，進行了一個為期3.5年玉米田施用生物炭的田間試驗，目的在說明生物炭對土壤微生物豐富度和群落組成的影響，以及在中國西北黃土高原旱地地區的潛在應用。 對深度0-20公分的土壤樣本進行四種生物炭添加磷脂脂肪酸【C0(0*對照組)、C10(10)、C30(30)及C50(50) ton/1000 m2的土壤微生物多樣性分析。發現叢枝菌根菌（arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi，簡稱AMF)的比例和叢枝菌根真菌 ( AMF ) /腐生真菌（SF）的比例與生物炭添加磷脂脂肪酸的程度相關，特別是，在C50處理中，AMF / SF和真菌/細菌的比率均顯著增加，這表明大量生物炭可以增加真菌而不是細菌的多樣性。 此外，土壤有機碳（SOC）（P <0.01），KMnO4-可氧化的碳（KMnO4-C）（P <0.01）和碳管理指數（CMI）（P <0.01）被證實在土壤中起重要作用。塑造土壤微生物群落組成。通過施用生物炭，SOC和總氮顯著增加，而在C30處理中，總磷增加。但是，與C0處理相比，C50處理顯著降低了KMnO4-C和CMI，這表明應考慮土壤中添加適當的生物炭磷脂脂肪酸的程度，才能有效改善土壤有機材料。因此，在C30施用生物炭可使SF顯著降低和增加AMF / SF比有關，可能是改善旱地農田土壤質量和養分利用率的一種選擇。

Biochar; Soil microbial community; Soil organic C; Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF); Saprotrophic fungi (SF)

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsoil.2017.04.024