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期刊

標題

Macroscopic and Molecular Investigations of Copper Sorption by a Steam‐Activated Biochar

作者

J. A. Ippolito, D. G. Strawn, K. G. Scheckel, J. M. Novak, M. Ahmedna, M. A. S. Niandou

名稱(期刊/節目)

Journal of Environmental Quality

期刊期數/節目集數

Volume 41, Issue 4, Pages 1150-1156

出版單位

Wiley

出版年月日

2012/7/1

原文摘要

Excessive Cu concentrations in water systems can negatively affect biological systems. Because Cu can form strong associations with organic functional groups, we examined the ability of biochar (an O‐C–enriched organic bioenergy by‐product) to sorb Cu from solution. In a batch experiment, KOH steam–activated pecan shell biochar was shaken for 24 h in pH 6, 7, 8, or 9 buffered solutions containing various Cu concentrations to identify the effect of pH on biochar Cu sorption. Afterward, all biochar solids from the 24‐h shaking period were air‐dried and analyzed using X‐ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) spectroscopy to determine solid‐phase Cu speciation. In a separate batch experiment, biochar was shaken for 30 d in pH 6 buffered solution containing increasing Cu concentrations; the Cu sorption maximum was calculated based on the exponential rise to a maximum equation. Biochar sorbed increasing amounts of Cu as the solution pH decreased from 9 to 6. The XAFS spectroscopy revealed that Cu was predominantly sorbed onto a biochar organic phase at pH 6 in a molecular structure similar to Cu adsorbed on model humic acid (Cu–humic acid [HA]). The XAFS spectra at pH 7, 8, and 9 suggested that Cu was associated with the biochar as three phases: (i) a complex adsorbed on organic ligands similar to Cu‐HA, (ii) carbonate phases similar to azurite (Cu3(CO3)2(OH2)), and (iii) a Cu oxide phase like tenorite (CuO). The exponential rise equation fit to the incubated samples predicted a Cu sorption maximum of 42,300 mg Cu kg−1. The results showed that KOH steam–activated pecan shell biochar could be used as a material for sorbing excess Cu from water systems, potentially reducing the negative effects of Cu in the environment.

原文摘要簡述

水系統中過量的銅濃度會對生物系統產生負面影響。因為銅可以與有機官能基形成牢固的締合,所以我們研究了生物炭(一種富含O-C的有機生物能副產物)從溶液中吸附銅的能力。在一批實驗中,將KOH蒸汽活化的核桃殼生物炭在含有各種Cu濃度的pH 6、7、8或9緩衝溶液中振搖24小時,以確定pH對生物炭Cu吸附的影響。然後,將風乾24小時後的所有生物炭固體進行空氣乾燥,並使用X射線吸收精細結構(XAFS)光譜進行分析,以確定固態Cu的形態。在一個單獨的分批實驗中,將生物炭在含有不斷增加的銅濃度的pH 6緩衝溶液中搖動30天;根據最大方程式的指數上升計算出最大的Cu吸附量。隨著溶液pH值從9降低到6,生物炭吸附的銅量增加。XAFS光譜顯示,銅主要在pH 6吸附到生物炭有機相上,其分子結構類似於模型腐植酸(Cu–腐植酸[HA])上吸附的銅。在pH 7、8和9的XAFS光譜圖顯示,銅與生物炭具有三個階段:(i)與Cu-HA相似,吸附在有機配體上的複合物;(ii) 碳酸鹽,類似藍銅礦(Cu3(CO3 )2(OH2)),以及(iii)氧化銅相,如球鐵礦(CuO)。與培育樣品符合的指數上升方程式預測最大Cu吸附量為42,300 mg Cu kg-1。結果顯示,KOH蒸汽活化的核桃殼生物炭可以用作從水系統中吸收過量Cu的材料,從而潛在地減少Cu對環境的負面影響。

關鍵字

Cu concentrations, pecan shell biochar, organic functional groups, Cu sorption, X‐ray absorption fine structure (XAFS)

連結

https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2011.0113

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