| 知識類型 | 期刊 |
| 標題 | Germination Tests for Assessing Biochar Quality |
| 作者 | N. Rogovska, D. Laird, R. M. Cruse, S. Trabue, E. Heaton |
| 名稱(期刊/節目) | Journal of Environmental Quality |
| 期刊期數/節目集數 | Volume 41, Issue 4, Pages 1014-1022 |
| 出版單位 | Wiley |
| 出版年月日 | 2012/7/1 |
| 原文摘要 | Definition, analysis, and certification of biochar quality are crucial to the agronomic acceptance of biochar. While most biochars have a positive impact on plant growth, some may have adverse effects due to the presence of phytotoxic compounds. Conversely, some biochars may have the ability to adsorb and neutralize natural phytotoxic compounds found in soil. We evaluated the effects of biochars on seedling growth and absorption of allelochemicals present in corn (Zea mays L.) residues. Corn seeds were germinated in aqueous extracts of six biochars produced from varied feedstocks, thermochemical processes, and temperatures. Percent germination and shoot and radicle lengths were evaluated at the end of the germination period. Extracts from the six biochars had no effect on percent germination; however, extracts from three biochars produced at high conversion temperatures significantly inhibited shoot growth by an average of 16% relative to deionized (DI) water. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons detected in the aqueous extracts are believed to be at least partly responsible for the reduction in seedling growth. Repeated leaching of biochars before extract preparation eliminated the negative effects on seedling growth. Biochars differ significantly in their capacity to adsorb allelochemicals present in corn residues. Germination of corn seeds in extracts of corn residue showed 94% suppression of radicle growth compared to those exposed to DI water; however, incubation of corn residue extracts with leached biochar for 24 h before initiating the germination test increased radicle length 6 to 12 times compared to the corn residue extract treatments. Germination tests appear to be a reliable procedure to differentiate between effects of different types of biochar on corn seedling growth. |
| 原文摘要簡述 | 生物炭品質的定義、分析和認證對於生物炭在農學上的接受至關重要。雖然大多數生物炭對植物生長都有正面影響，但由於存在植物毒性化合物，有些可能會產生不利影響。相反，某些生物炭可能具有吸附和中和土壤中天然植物毒性化合物的能力。我們評估了生物炭對幼苗生長和吸收玉米(Zea mays L.)殘體中存在的交感物質的影響。玉米種子在由多種原料、熱化學過程和溫度所產生的六種生物炭的水性萃取物中發芽，在發芽期結束時評估發芽百分比以及枝條和胚根長度。六種生物炭的萃取物對發芽百分比沒有影響；然而，在高轉化溫度下從三種生物炭中萃取的物質，相對於去離子(DI)水可顯著抑制枝條生長平均16%。據信在水性萃取物中檢測到的多環芳香烴至少在一定程度上減少幼苗生長。在萃取物製備之前，反復進行生物炭的淋洗排除了對幼苗生長的負面影響。生物炭吸收玉米殘體中存在的交感物質的能力差異頗大。與暴露於去離子水的玉米種子相比，玉米殘體萃取物中的玉米種子發芽顯示94%會抑制胚根生長；然而，在開始發芽試驗以前，將玉米殘體萃取物與淋洗的生物炭一起培養24小時，和玉米殘體萃取物處理相比之下，胚根長度增加了6至12倍。發芽試驗似乎是能區分不同類型生物炭對玉米幼苗生長影響的可靠方法。 |
| 關鍵字 | biochar quality, phytotoxic compounds, corn residues, Germination, allelochemical, deionized water |
| 連結 | https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2011.0103 |