| 知識類型 | 期刊 |
| 標題 | Biochar in Co-Contaminated Soil Manipulates Arsenic Solubility and Microbiological Community Structure, and Promotes Organochlorine Degradation |
| 作者 | Samuel J. Gregory, Christopher W. N. Anderson, Marta Camps-Arbestain, Patrick J. Biggs, Austen R. D. Ganley, Justin M. O’Sullivan, and Michael T. McManus |
| 名稱(期刊/節目) | PLOS ONE |
| 期刊期數/節目集數 | 10(4): e012539 |
| 出版單位 | PLOS |
| 出版年月日 | 2015/4/29 |
| 原文摘要 | We examined the effect of biochar on the water-soluble arsenic (As) concentration and the extent of organochlorine degradation in a co-contaminated historic sheep-dip soil during a 180-d glasshouse incubation experiment. Soil microbial activity, bacterial community and structure diversity were also investigated. Biochar made from willow feedstock (Salix sp) was pyrolysed at 350 or 550°C and added to soil at rates of 10 g kg-1 and 20 g kg-1 (representing 30 t ha-1 and 60 t ha-1). The isomers of hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) alpha-HCH and gamma-HCH (lindane), underwent 10-fold and 4-fold reductions in concentration as a function of biochar treatment. Biochar also resulted in a significant reduction in soil DDT levels (P < 0.01), and increased the DDE:DDT ratio. Soil microbial activity was significantly increased (P < 0.01) under all biochar treatments after 60 days of treatment compared to the control. 16S amplicon sequencing revealed that biochar-amended soil contained more members of the Chryseobacterium, Flavobacterium, Dyadobacter and Pseudomonadaceae which are known bioremediators of hydrocarbons. We hypothesise that a recorded short-term reduction in the soluble As concentration due to biochar amendment allowed native soil microbial communities to overcome As-related stress. We propose that increased microbiological activity (dehydrogenase activity) due to biochar amendment was responsible for enhanced degradation of organochlorines in the soil. Biochar therefore partially overcame the co-contaminant effect of As, allowing for enhanced natural attenuation of organochlorines in soil. |
| 原文摘要簡述 | 在180天的溫室孵化實驗期間，我們研究了生物炭對水溶性砷（As）濃度和歷史悠久的綿羊清洗液(有機汙染)土壤中有機氯遞降分解(作用)程度的影響。還調查了土壤微生物活性，細菌群落和結構多樣性。由柳屬相關原料製成的生物炭在350或550°C下熱裂解，並以每公斤10 g和20 g（分別為每公頃30噸 和60噸）的比例添加到土壤中。六氯環己烷（HCH）α-HCH和γ-HCH（林丹）的異構體隨生物炭處理而濃縮10倍和4倍。生物炭更顯著的讓土壤中DDT(雙對氯苯基三氯乙烷)濃度等級（P <0.01）降低，並增加了DDE(可分解成為其他代謝物並由尿液排出人體)與DDT的比例。與對照相比，在所有生物炭處理後60天，土壤微生物活性均顯著增加（P <0.01）。透過微生物體16S擴增子定序(16S Amplicon Sequencing)顯示，經生物炭改良的土壤含有更多的金黃色葡萄球菌，黃桿菌，雙歧桿菌和假單胞菌是目前已知的碳氫化合物生物修復劑。我們假設由於生物炭的土壤改良而導致的可溶砷(As)濃度的短期減少，使原生土壤微生物群落能夠克服與砷(As)有關的威脅。我們建議由於生物炭的土壤改良而增加微生物活性（脫氫酶活性）是造成土壤中有機氯遞降分解(作用)增強的原因。因此，生物炭一方面克服砷的共污染物影響，另一方面增強土壤中有機氯的自然衰減。 |
| 關鍵字 | biochar, water-soluble arsenic, organochlorine |
| 連結 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0125393 |